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Welcome to Middle School Math

After retiring from St. Joseph Catholic School, following 25 years of service, I am excited to be back teaching math in middle school.  I have always been passionate about math and truly enjoy sharing my knowledge with my wonderful students.  I attended Northern Illinois University where I earned the following degrees: 

  • Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education with an emphasis in math
  • Master of Science in Elementary Education with a math endorsement   
  • Master of Science in Middle School Math Curriculum and Instruction
 
When I am not at St. Joseph Catholic School, I enjoy walking, reading, and spending time with my precious grandchildren.  
                             
About our math program:
 
We offer a very challenging math program here at St. Joseph Catholic School.  All of our middle school students complete Glencoe Math's Course 1 (6th grade), Course 2 (7th grade), and Course 3 (8th grade). Many of our 8th grade students also complete a rigorous Algebra 1 course.  
 
Our program offers support to students in many forms.  In addition to the help and support I provide to all students in the classroom, IXL , an online practice program, offers additional support to students, including step-by-step demonstrations.    
 
All of our students leave St. Joseph Catholic School with a solid foundation in mathematics and are ready for the challenges of high school math. 

 

 

Posts

Week at a Glance:  May 13 - May 17

 
6th Grade:  Area
  • The student will be able to determine how changes in dimensions affect area and perimeter.
  • The student will be able to find the area and perimeter of figures drawn on the coordinate plane.
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a pyramid.
  • The student will be able to find the surface area of a prism.
  • The student will be able to find the surface area of a pyramid.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a prism.
There will be a Chapter 8 quiz on Friday. Students need to memorize formulas and thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Radical Functions and Geometry
  • The student will be able to solve problems using the Pythagorean Theorem.
  • The student will be able to use trigonometry to solve triangles.
  • The student will be able to use trigonometry to solve real-life problems.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8 Gold:  Volume and Surface Area
  • The student will be able to find the surface area of a cone.
  • The student will be able to determine how changes in dimensions affect volume and surface area.
There will be a Chapter 8 test on Thursday and Friday.  Students need to memorize formulas and thoroughly review their notes and study guide.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  May 6 - May 10

I-Ready Diagnostic Testing on Monday
 
6th Grade:  Area
  • The student will be able to find the area of a trapezoid.
  • The student will be able to determine how changes in dimensions affect area and perimeter.
  • The student will be able to find the area and perimeter of figures drawn on the coordinate plane.
There will be a Chapter 9 quiz on Wednesday.  Students need to memorize the formulas and thoroughly review their notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a prism.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a pyramid.
There will be a Chapter 8 quiz on Friday.  Students need to memorize formulas and thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to find the area of a circle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a prism.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Radical Functions and Geometry
  • The student will be able to solve radical equations.
  • The student will be able to solve problems using the Pythagorean Theorem.
  • The student will be able to use trigonometry to solve triangles.
There will be a Chapter 10 quiz on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8 Gold:  Volume and Surface Area
  • The student will be able to find the surface area of a cone.
  • The student will be able to determine how changes in dimensions affect volume and surface area.
There will be a Chapter 8 test next week.  Students need to memorize formulas and thoroughly review their notes and study guide.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  April 29 - May 3

I-Ready Diagnostic Testing on Friday
 
6th Grade:  Area
  • The student will be able to find the area of a triangle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a trapezoid.
There will be a Chapter 9 quiz early next week.  Students need to memorize the formulas and thoroughly review their notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to find the area of a circle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a prism.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to define and explain pi.
  • The student will be able to find the circumference of a circle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a circle.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Radical Functions and Geometry
  • The student will be able to simplify radical expressions.
  • The student will be able to add and subtract radical expressions.
  • The student will be able to multiply radical expressions.
  • The student will be able to solve radical equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Volume and Surface Area
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a sphere.
  • The student will be able to find missing dimensions of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
  • The student will be able to find the surface area of a cylinder.
There will be a Chapter 8 quiz on Tuesday.  Students need to memorize formulas and thoroughly review their notes and study guide.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  April 22 - April 26

 
6th Grade:  Area
  • The student will be able to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a parallelogram.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a triangle.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to define and explain pi.
  • The student will be able to find the circumference of a circle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a circle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of composite figures.
There will be a Chapter 7 test on Monday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Geometric Figures/Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to identify faces, edges, and vertices of three-dimensional figures.
  • The student will be able to define and explain pi.
  • The student will be able to find the circumference of a circle.
There will be a Chapter 7 test on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Radical Functions and Geometry
  • The student will be able to graph radical functions.
  • The student will be able to simplify radical expressions.
  • The student will be able to add and subtract radical expressions.
  • The student will be able to multiply radical expressions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Volume and Surface Area
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a cone.
  • The student will be able to find the volume of a sphere.
  • The student will be able to find missing dimensions of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  April 15 - April 19

 
6th Grade:  Equations/Area
  • The student will be able to solve and write multiplication equations.
  • The student will be able to solve and write division equations.
  • The student will be able to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle.
  • The student will be able to find the area of a parallelogram.
There will be a Chapter 7 test on Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  Geometric Figures/Measure Figures
  • The student will be able to solve problems involving scale drawings.
  • The student will be able to identify faces, edges, and vertices of three-dimensional figures.
  • The student will be able to define and explain pi.
  • The student will be able to find the circumference of a circle.
There will be a Chapter 7 test next week.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Quadratic Expressions and Equations
  • The student will be able to factor the difference of squares.
  • The student will be able to use the difference of squares to solve equations.
  • The student will be able to factor perfect square trinomials.
There will be a Chapter 8 test on Friday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem/Similarity
  • The student will be able to identify similar polygons.
  • The student will be able to find missing measures of similar polygons.
  • The student will be able to solve problems involving similar triangles.
  • The student will be able to find the perimeter and area of similar figures.
There will be a Chapter 5 test on Monday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  April 8 - April 12

 
6th Grade:  Equations
  • The student will be able to solve and write multiplication equations.
  • The student will be able to solve and write division equations.
There will be a Chapter 7 quiz on Tuesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  Geometric Figures  
  • The student will be able to identify and classify triangles.
  • The student will be able to find the missing angles in triangles.
  • The student will be able to solve problems involving scale drawings.
  • The student will be able to identify faces, edges, and vertices of three-dimensional figures.
There will be a Chapter 7 quiz on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Quadratic Expressions and Equations
  • The student will be able to factor trinomials.
  • The student will be able to solve quadratic equations.
  • The student will be able to factor the difference of squares.
  • The student will be able to use the difference of squares to solve equations.
  • The student will be able to factor perfect square trinomials.
There will be a Chapter 8 quiz on Monday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems using the Pythagorean Theorem.
  • The student will be able to use the Distance Formula.
There will be a Chapter 5 test on Friday or next Monday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  April 1 - April 5

 
6th Grade:  Equations
  • The student will be able to solve and write addition equations.
  • The student will be able to solve and write subtraction equations.
  • The student will be able to solve and write multiplication equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  Geometric Figures  
  • The student will be able to classify angles.
  • The student will be able to identify vertical and adjacent angles.
  • The student will be able to identify pairs of complementary and supplementary angles.
  • The student will be able to identify and classify triangles.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Quadratic Expressions and Equations
  • The student will be able to use the Distributive Property to multiply polynomials.
  • The student will be able to find squares of sums and differences.
  • The student will be able to find the product of a sum and difference.
  • The student will be able to factor polynomials.
  • The student will be able to solve quadratic equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem
  • The student will be able to use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve right triangles.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems using the Pythagorean Theorem.
  • The student will be able to use the Distance Formula.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  March 18 - March 22

 
6th Grade:  Expressions
  • The student will be able to identify properties of operations.
  • The student will be able to use the distributive property to simplify algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to factor algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to identify equivalent expressions.
There will be a Chapter 6 test on Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides carefully.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems using inequalities.
There will be a Chapter 6 test on Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems using inequalities.
There will be a Chapter 6 test on Friday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Quadratic Expressions and Equations
  • The student will be able to add and subtract polynomials.
  • The student will be able to multiply a polynomial by a monomial.
  • The student will be able to use the FOL method to multiply binomials.
  • The student will be able to use the Distributive Property to multiply polynomials.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem
  • The student will be able to find the missing angle measures in triangles.
  • The student will be able to find the sum of the angle measures of a polygon and the measure of one interior angle.
  • The student will be able to find the measure of an exterior angle of a polygon.
There will be a Chapter 5 quiz on Friday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  March 11 - March 15

 
6th Grade:  Expressions
  • The student will be able to use properties to simplify expressions.
  • The student will be able to use the distributive property to simplify algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to factor algebraic expressions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Exponents
  • The student will be able to graph exponential functions.
  • The student will be able to solve problems involving exponential growth and decay.
  • The student will be able to add polynomials.
  • The student will be able to subtract polynomials.
There will be a Chapter 7 test on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8 Gold:  Geometry
  • The student will be able to identify relationships of angles formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
  • The student will be able to find the missing angle measures in triangles.
  • The student will be able to find the sum of the angle measures of a polygon and the measure of one interior angle.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  March 4 - March 8

 
6th Grade:  Expressions
  • The student will be able to write algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to use properties to simplify expressions.
  • The student will be able to use the distributive property to simplify algebraic expressions.
There will be a Chapter 6 quiz on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
There will be a Chapter 6 quiz on Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve inequalities using the Multiplication and Division Properties of Equality.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step inequalities.
There will be a Chapter 6 quiz on Tuesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Exponents
  • The student will be able to write very large and very small numbers using scientific notation.
  • The student will be able to find products and quotients of numbers expressed in scientific notation.
  • The student will be able to graph exponential functions.
  • The student will be able to solve problems involving exponential growth and decay.
There will be a Chapter 7 quiz on Friday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8 Gold:  Functions/Geometry
  • The student will be able to graph quadratic functions.
  • The student will be able to identify relationships of angles formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal.
  • The student will be able to find the missing angle measures in triangles.
  • The student will be able to find the sum of the angle measures of a polygon and the measure of one interior angle.
There will be a Chapter 4 test on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  February 26 - March 1

 
6th Grade:  Expressions
  • The student will be able to represent numbers using exponents.
  • The student will be able to find the value of an expression using order of operations.
  • The student will be able to evaluate algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to write algebraic expressions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step equations.
  • The student will be able to clear fractions in equations.
  • The student will be able to determine the number of solutions for an equation.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve equations with rational coefficients.
  • The student will be able to solve two-step equations.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Exponents
  • The student will be able to simplify expressions with negative and zero exponents.
  • The student will be able to evaluate expressions involving rational exponents.
  • The student will be able to solve equations with rational exponents.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Functions
  • The student will be able to construct functions.
  • The student will be able to identify linear functions.
  • The student will be able to graph quadratic functions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  February 19 - February 23

 
6th Grade:  Integers and the Coordinate Plane/Expressions
  • The student will be able to graph order pairs on the coordinate plane.
  • The student will be able to measure distance on the coordinate plane.
  • The student will be able to represent numbers using exponents.
  • The student will be able to find the value of an expression using order of operations.
There will be a Chapter 5 test on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve two-step equations.
  • The student will be able to solve multi-step equations.
  • The student will be able to clear fractions in equations.
  • The student will be able to determine the number of solutions for an equation.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve one-step multiplication equations.
  • The student will be able to solve one-step division equations.
  • The student will be able to solve equations with rational coefficients.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Exponents
  • The student will be able to simplify expressions using the properties of exponents.
  • The student will be able to simplify expressions with negative and zero exponents.
  • The student will be able to evaluate expressions involving rational exponents.
  • The student will be able to solve equations with rational exponents.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Functions
  • The student will be able to compare two functions.
  • The student will be able to construct functions.
  • The student will be able to identify linear functions.t
  • The student will be able to graph quadratic functions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  February 12 - February 16

 
6th Grade:  Integers and the Coordinate Plane
  • The student will be able to use integers to represent real-world situations.
  • The student will be able to graph integers on a number line.
  • The student will be able to find the absolute value of an integer.
  • The student will be able to compare and order integers.
  • The student will be able to graph order pairs on the coordinate plane.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve one-step multiplication equations.
  • The student will be able to solve one-step division equations.
  • The student will be able to solve equations with rational coefficients.
  • The student will be able to solve two-step equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve one-step addition equations.
  • The student will be able to solve one-step subtraction equations.
  • The student will be able to solve one-step multiplication equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Systems of Linear Equations/Exponents
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using combinations.
  • The student will be able to simplify expressions using the properties of exponents.
  • The student will be able to simplify expressions with negative and zero exponents.
There will be a Chapter 6 test on Wednesday and Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and to seek help as needed.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Functions
  • The student will be able to translate tables and graphs to linear equations.
  • The student will be able to identify the domain and range of a function.
  • The student will be able to find function values and complete function tables.
  • The student will be able to represent linear functions using tables.
  • The student will be able to represent linear functions using graphs.
There will be a Chapter 4 quiz on Thursday or Friday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  February 5 - February 9

 
6th Grade:  Fractions
  • The student will be able to divide mixed numbers by mixed numbers.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems with fractions.
There will be a Chapter 4 test on Wednesday and Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Equations and Inequalities
  • The student will be able to solve one-step addition equations.
  • The student will be able to solve one-step subtraction equations.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Algebraic Expressions
  • The student will be able to subtract linear expressions.
  • The student will be able to factor linear expressions.
There may be a Chapter 5 test on Wednesday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Systems of Linear Equations
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using elimination.
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using combinations.
There will be a Chapter 6 quiz on Thursday.  If students will not be in attendance, they should make arrangements to take the quiz on Wednesday or when they return the following week.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Functions
  • The student will be able to translate tables and graphs to linear equations.
  • The student will be able to identify the domain and range of a function.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.

Week at a Glance:  January 29 - February 2

 
6th Grade:  Fractions
  • The student will be able to divide mixed numbers by mixed numbers.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems with fractions.
There will be a Chapter 4 test next week.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7th Grade:  
 
7 Black:  Algebraic Expressions
  • The student will be able to factor linear expressions.
There will be a Chapter 5 test on Thursday.  Please encourage students to thoroughly review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
7 Gold:  Algebraic Expressions
  • The student will be able to simplify algebraic expressions.
  • The student will be able to add linear expressions.
  • The student will be able to subtract linear expressions.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.
 
8th Grade:  
 
8 Black:  Systems of Linear Equations
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations graphically.
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using substitution.
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using elimination.
Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time and to seek help as needed.
 
8 Gold:  Equations in Two Variables
  • The student will be able to solve a system of equations using substitution.
  • The student will be able to solve real-life problems using a system of equations.
There will be a Chapter 3 test on Thursday.  Please encourage students to review all notes and study guides.  Please encourage students to complete all assignments on time.